
About Larry
AI in finance, before it becomes obvious
I’ve spent the past decade studying how artificial intelligence is reshaping financial institutions, often focusing on organizational challenges years before they become mainstream.
My work centers on a practical question:
How can financial institutions move AI from experimentation to measurable, scalable and accountable value?
What I work on
I study how AI changes the way financial institutions operate, compete and make decisions, including:
how firms identify which AI applications are worth scaling
how they measure business and financial impact
how workflows and operating models need to change
where human judgment remains essential
how talent, governance and accountability evolve as AI becomes embedded in the enterprise
My current work increasingly focuses on what comes after experimentation: the difficult transition from promising technology to sustained enterprise value.
Ideas and frameworks
I originated the T-Shaped Teams framework for AI adoption in finance, which examines how technology specialists, domain experts and professionals who bridge the two must work together for AI to scale successfully.
I also developed the AI + HI framework for combining artificial intelligence with human intelligence and have continued to explore how financial institutions can measure, scale and govern AI as adoption moves deeper into the enterprise.
I edited the Handbook of AI and Big Data Applications in Investments and previously led research and thought leadership on AI, investing and the future of finance.
Experience
My work builds on more than two decades across investment research, financial services and consulting, including roles at CFA Institute, Morningstar/Ibbotson and McKinsey.
My research has been cited by the European Securities and Markets Authority and the Hong Kong Monetary Authority, referenced in U.S. Congressional testimony, and featured in media including Bloomberg, the Financial Times, The Wall Street Journal and Reuters.


Contact
Get in touch with Larry for speaking engagements and research collaborations.
contact@larrycao.com
Contacts
contact@larrycao.com
